??????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”?“??”???????????????“???”?“???”????“????”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Later, while upstarts like Munich or Berlin ended up continue to a twinkle in the eye of their founders, early medieval Cologne was the most important metropolis north in the Alps, ruled by potent archbishops and benefiting